1
Easy2Siksha
GNDU  -2022
  
-II, Opt.(a):      AD1200 
 :    : 80
:        , -       
.                
-
1. ‘    1200         
  
2.         '      
-      
-
3.    ?          
4.          
-
5.            '  
2
Easy2Siksha
6.               
      
-
7.                
  
8.           
3
Easy2Siksha
GNDU  -2022
  
-II, Opt.(a):     (AD1200-1526)
 :    :
80
:        , -       
.                
-
1. ‘    1200         
  
: ''            
   
      ,   ,       
                 ,  
              1200    
  ,   ,        ,
   ,           
  
  
""           ""  ""    ,
    
         ,   , 
         ( )        - ,
     -      (),  (), 
( ),   ()  
  ,              , 
     ,            

               
4
Easy2Siksha
                  
          
  
   (1500 BC - 1000 BC)
          ,       
     ,    '    '   ,  - 
                ,
    -         ,  
       .
    (1000 .. - 600 ..)
    ,           - ,
,    -    '    ,     
                    
  , ,        ,    
                 
     ,          -
  
      ,         ,   
  
              
         ,  ,  -,    
   
 
-  (600 .. - 200 .)
      ,             ,
-                 
  
          ,     
        , ,     
            
  (322 .. - 185 . .)             -
      ,         
        , ,        ,
  -           ,     
  (320 . - 550 .)
                
       - ,    ,     
       ,      -  '  
5
Easy2Siksha
  ,             

  , -            
  ,              
     ,            
 ,       
     ,           
           
     
,      
   (550 . - 1200 .)
            -     '
                
                  
 
                
  ,        ,       
        , -           
,   '    -    ,    
 
                ,  
     ,      
    
 ,      ,     ,  
   ,        
                '  
       -        
 '  ,    -        
 ,         '   
,   
'   
      
             :
1. :                
             ,
           ,       , 
           ,  
           
6
Easy2Siksha
2. :               
    ,    , ,   ,  -
         ,      ,
       
3.  :          
            -   
       ,             
 ,      
4.  :             
  -       ,    -
      ,        
 ,            
  
5.  :          ,  
       ,  ,   
        ,    
            
1200     
   1200              
      :
1.  :             
       ,    ,   
            
  ,           
2.  :            
            ,    ,
,               
     , -    -     

3.  :  -         
     ,  -      -  
    ,      ,      
 
 ,     
 
4.  :         ,    
               
 , 
   '         
7
Easy2Siksha
  ,     ,  
            
5.  :          
      - ,       
,              
         
 

  ,            ,  1200   
          ,     ,
    ,     ,    
          ,   
  
2.         '      
-      
:       :   
                  ,    
,            ,    
,             ,   
                   
                   
,      -        
     
1.    
                    
        ,       
  ,               ()  
        
      ()    ,       
        , -       
  ,                
8
Easy2Siksha
2.     ()
   ,    ( )         
 (   )        :  (),
 (),  ( ),   ()          
   
  
        , 
      
       ,     ()     
 ,                
            , - 
    ,      '  
 
3.    
       ,            
      ,       ,     
          (  )   
       ,           
  
                  
        ,         
      
4.     
                    
  '  ,           ,   ',  
   
    -         

     -    
  ,     
                 ()     
                 
,     
           

5.    
                 
  -      ,         
       ()         ,  -
                 
         
9
Easy2Siksha
  ,                  
  ,    -      

     
  (    )   ( )  ,  
                  -    '
   
1.  
                    
      ,             ,  ,
                  
   ,           '  
       '  ( )    ,  
                  
        
2.  
      ,       (  '  )     
                  
 
                   
    
                  
,        
   
      
   '  

3.   
     ,             (  ' 
    )              '  ()
   ,            

           , 
      -  
   ,                 
         ,        
  
10
Easy2Siksha
4.  
     ,            , "
      "       ,     
                '  
                   
   '      
5.  
        ,           
                ,   
'  
           ,    
       
   
    - 
 -    
  ,         
,              ,   
        
6.  
     ,                 
     
    -     
-               
 
  ,            ,         
  ,              
7.  
                 , 
 '            ,        
,     '  
.
                 ,
                 ,  
 
  
8.  
                      ,
           ,     '  
       -    ,      
    
  
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
       ,       
          
,    ,   
         -       
       
 ,            
   
 ,              ,  
-                
    ,        , 
    ,           
   
-
3.    ?          
:  :   
 ,      ,   ( 1500    500 
   )    -        

          ,        


        ,         '  
                  ,
 ,       
      
    
  ,      
                
   -        '  
    
1. :      ,           
                  
     
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2. :             ,   '
      '    
3. :  '    ,          
  
4. :   ,    , ,      
     
    
              ,    
          '          
   
1. :     
    ,                
,           ,      
 
        :
:     
,              
  
:                 
    
        
:      ,         
:   ,              
:                
         
2.  ()
   ,    '   ,        
                 ,  Rta
  ,  ,  ,            
 
 
   , , ,  ,       -    
           ,     (   ) 
      
         
      ,          
        , 
       
          
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3.   (RTA)
       Rta ,  ,      
        ,         
          
    
,  ,   (    )     
 
  ,    ,           Rta
    ,           , -,
     
4.  ( )
     '        ,    
     ,              
             ,    ' , -
      ,         
5.    ()
       ,     ,      
  -               
             ,      
   :
    ()       
     (  ),       
     (    ),       
    (   ),          
               
        
6.    
            
,  (   )
                  
  ,   '   -     ,       
          ,         '
         ,        

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7.    
                -   
    ,           
     ,           
              , 

        
8.  ()  
          
    , 
                 
, 
               
  
      
       
                   
                  
          
9.   
           ,          
                 
          ( )   ,        
      
,  (     )          

                 
 '     
     
        
,         
              (. 800-500 ..) 
 ,        , ,     
    
    ,      ,     ,     ,   
          ,      ,  
    ,           

 
15
Easy2Siksha

                  ,
  ,      '       -   
 ,  (),  (),   ( ) -     
                
   ,
     '          ,  
           
4.          
:       
           ,           
  6
             
 -,             
               
   
 
 ,   ,      ,    -  
   , 6
    -,       , 
    '  ,           
                
       '     ,     
  ,            ,  (),
  '   
: 24 
      24  ( )   ,
 24  ,    ,          
      
       599      ,
              ,  30     , 
          
 12  ,              -
,                ,
16
Easy2Siksha
    ( -    )       30  
, , -,         
   
                 :
1.  ():    ,      ,    ,  , 
        
2.  ():  
3.  (-):       

4.  ():     
5.  (-):   
  
                    
       ()       () 
           24     ,   
                   
       
    
        -  ,   ,  
                  :  
          200  ,     
 
1.  
""     "  "  "   ,"  
     ,        
,  
       
    :
:       ,      
      
 
 ' :         '   

                
          
 
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  :        
    
          ,      -
,      
  :         
  , 
         
     
2.  
 " "    "  ",         
          ,       
 
    :
:        ,     
 ' :              
              
  :             
              
 
  :     ,      
          , 
 ,     
       
       ,      -       
               
1.   (-):
o             ( - )  
 ,      
      ' 
  
o  ,  ,      -  -  

2.  ():
o             ,        
               
18
Easy2Siksha
'   ,            ' 
  
    -  
  ,               ,  
'  , -          
1.  -
  :     -     
-                
  ,            
      ,     '   
: - 15
            
    '   
2.  -
:    ,         
           '   
:         ,  - 
 '    
:   ,    - -, - 
      '         
       
    
               '   
          ,   '  
          
   ,             ,
             ,   
            ,    
      

 ,       ,
    ,        
 ,        ,  
                 
                
     
 
19
Easy2Siksha

 ,        , ,  -  
                   
   ,      ,  23    
      ,            
             
               
 ,
         :          
        ,     ,    
   
-
5.            '  
: ,   ,                
               , 
                    
         , -     , -  
          , 
   
          
  
- 
     (       )     ,  
         ( 2500-1500   )  
                    

 ,          ,  - 
   ,            
                    
       "   ,"         
              -       

20
Easy2Siksha
 
  (1500-500   )  ,          
 
, ,           ,      
                 ,
      ,             
             
  ,        ,     ,  
   ,               , 
    ,        ,    
,    ,                
 
  
      ( 800-200 ..)       , 
                  , 
  ,              

  ,        ( 300-1000  ), 
     
                ,      ,
  (     ),          
 ,     (  )    (       
).             
   
  
   
     ,   '  500          
         , ,     
  -                 
  ,         () '      -
   ,             
 :  
                - 
             
     
   
             ' 
            ,   -   
  ,  -         
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Easy2Siksha
        --   ,    (),  
 ()   ()     
 ,        
               
  - 
  ,   -         ,      
              :
1.  :        ,      
     -   ( )        
     ,          , 
        ()      
2.  :              ,  
               
 '   , ,   ,         
 
3.   :           ,   , 
  '              
             
4. :  12
    -       -
          '  ,    ,
                 
  
  
        ,           
,                 
-    ,       -        
 
        :
:          ,       
       ,           
 
:         ,     
                 
 
22
Easy2Siksha
:           
 ,  
       
  ,    ,  ( , )    ,  
                 
 ,     -      
       
            ,  6
     
                
 , 
     ,                 ,
       ,           
   ,   -               
       ,          , 
               
              ,   ' 
   ,        ,         
             '         
'  
       
   (9
-13
 .)         ' ,   
                  
   ,              
   ,  , ,       
        ,        
            ,  
              

              -    
       -      ,      
 ,               
      -       ,    
,                
,     ,     '   ,          
             
                , ,
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   -       ,       
     ,         
6.               
      
:              12
 16

           , - ,    ,   
     '     , ,         
'      ,          

    
1. -   (  ):          
    ( )   -         
  ,        ,    ,  , 
       (   )      ,
      '   
2.    :             '   
           ,     ,  ,        
     -  ,          , 
             , ,  
             ,    
    
3.      
:          
           , , ,    
   ,             
       ,    , , ,     
"" 
4.  :        '       
      ,  ,       
  .     ,      '       
,       
5.    :         :
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o     ,     
  
          '        
     
     ,   
      
o  ,  ,       ,      
              
             
6.    (  ) ' :     ( )  
( ) '                 
          ,  ,   
     
7.    :        ,    ,
,                  
        ,         
       ,  ,        -    
  
    
       '  
;   ,       , 
 -                    
        :
1.  (1017-1137 .):
:                
    ,       ( -  )   
   ,      ,      '   
:            '     
            

                
             
2.  (1105-1167 .):
:              
     ,         
:                 
       ,     , 
        ,   (     )
   ,  ,    ,      
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Easy2Siksha
3.  (1400-1470 .):
:               
             
:       '          
      '  ( ),   ( ),   ( ) 
                 
  , 
           
4.  (1440-1518 .):
:                 
                
:                
       -          
     -         '   
    (    )         '  
   ,      '  
5.   (1469-1539 :):
:                   
         
:               
         , -  ,  
        '            
            
6.   (1486-1534 .):
:      ,          
        
:    '          ,  
            , 
                 
           ,       
   
7.  (1498-1547 .):
:              
          
:                  
          ,    
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,                 
            
8.  (1532-1623 .):
:   -          
 ,        ,         
  
:               
,              
       
-
7.                
  
:    ,    ,       , 
 
  ,      
       
             ,  
             -     -
      ,              
 
   
 
    1
    5
       -
              
      '       
    ,   -         ,
              
  
 
     '            
                  
        ,   '       
       
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   
1. - :          -    
          -    
     ,      (   )    
              ,  
     
             ,  - 
    ,             ,
           ,      ,
   
 
2.   :      '     ,   
                
                
 
3.   :                
       ,       (,  
,         ) '     
   -        ,   ,
    '  
    -    (   )   
 ,  
   (  )    (    )
4.  :    ,     
        
 ,     ,  
,            
  ,      -     ,
    
5.    : -    ,    ,  
        -      
 
 ,      ,     
     
   
                   
              -   
                 
         , , ,     
        
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Easy2Siksha
   
 
   ,   ,           
,                
    ,  ,           
  ,       ,         
   
     ,   '         
    ,       ,      
                  , 
         
   
1.  :         

    ,  -   ,     
  '   ,   ' ,       
       '    ,    
 
2.     :        
         -      ,
      ,         , 
                , 
        
       (      )   ( 
   '  )             
 
3.   :      '      , 
               
      ,          
      
4.     :   (    ) 
 (    )       
                 
             ,
         
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5.  -  :       ,     
       ,            
          ,    
          ,    -  
 ,         -       
   
       
       

         '          
      '   ,         ,
     
   ,       
   
       
               ,  - 
     
 
1.  :  -      ,    
                    
  ,     '         '
 
2.   :         ,   
         ,       
    ,             
3.   :     -   , 
 ,   
     -      ,      
   ,           
4. :          ,       ' 
  ,            
   
5.  :        ,   
        ,             
    '   

                
      -         -    
  ,    
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8.           
:                , 
  ,           
      '      ,     
 ,  -  ,          
   
1.      
          , ,   ( 
 )   '   ,    -      
    -        ,    
    
  '     -     
  -           - 
     
,   (   )  
    
2.     
       '       ,     
             
     
,  ,     -   

  :            
 ,     ()       ()   
     ,               
         '    ,  
           
:        ,   '    , 
    , ,        '
 
   :       ,  ( )    
,             
         
:   ,  (), ,   
            - 
    ,    , ,   -  
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           ,  ,  , ,
          
3.   
                    
         '  :
  :          ( ,  ,  ,
 )             
,   ,       
:             :
o  (  ),
o   ( ),
o  (),
o  (),
o  ( ), 
o  (  )
  :   ,  ,       
    ,  ,   -   
             
   :         
 , ,            
            
           
  :         ,   ,
,      -      '   ,
     
  : , ,          
   , 
         
  
4.     
    ,      ,     
                 
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     ,          
  
,   , -        
                
   ,         
5.   
                  
         :
 :   '  ,      ,  
           ,  
    
  :       ,  
      -           
            
   
  :      ,     
     
      , ,
             
6.    
               ,  
       : , ,   
:  ,     '     
               
:             , 
   '  
:    , ,         

:             ,  
  '             
               
    ,   '     
33
Easy2Siksha
7.     
                 
      , , ,       ' 

   :    ( )       
             
            ,  
  
 :     ,    - '   
      '   ,      
 
   -              
   
8.     
  ( 4  6
  )        
   ,          
     '  ,         
 
 :5
     ,     
                
     -               
               
   
 :       ,  ()
 -     ,   ,  ,   , 
            ,  ,  
(),         
9.      
               
     11
 12
        
               
,     
 ,     ' ,    
          
     ,         ,   ' 
 ,   ,           
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Easy2Siksha

        ,    -  
          
  , 
           
    ,       ,    
    -     
     , ,           

,               
         ,   ,   '  
        
:      Ai      ( )       
        , 
  '         